For students preparing for the Law Admission Test (LAT), English Part 1 focuses on the basics of the English language, including synonyms, antonyms, and prepositions.
لیٹ میں انگلش پورشن کے 20 مارکس ہیں، جو کہ بیسک انگلش میں سے ہی آتے ہیں، جس کے شارٹ نوٹس نیچے بیان کیے جا رہے ہیں۔
Synonym: A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word.
Antonym: A word that has the opposite meaning.
LAT English Basic Synonyms and Antonyms
| No. | Word | Easy Synonyms | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ability | skill, talent, competence, capability | inability |
| 2 | Accomplish | achieve, complete, carry out, succeed | begin, start |
| 3 | Abandon | leave, desert, forsake | keep |
| 4 | Abbreviate | shorten, condense | lengthen, increase |
| 5 | Beach | shore, coast, seaside | — |
| 6 | Beginner | learner, novice, apprentice | expert, old hand |
| 7 | Ban | prohibit, forbid, outlaw | allow, permit |
| 8 | Before | prior, earlier | after, later |
| 9 | Careful | cautious, thorough, painstaking | careless |
| 10 | Cautious | careful, prudent, vigilant, wary | reckless, thoughtless |
| 11 | Charming | delightful, appealing, enchanting | obnoxious, vulgar |
| 12 | Conscious | aware, knowing | unaware, unconscious |
| 13 | Considerate | thoughtful, sympathetic, mindful | thoughtless, selfish |
| 14 | Contaminate | pollute, defile, infect | purify, clean |
| 15 | Dead | late, extinct | alive, living |
| 16 | Dirty | filthy, grubby, grimy, soiled | clean |
| 17 | Decay | rot, spoil | bloom, flourish |
| 18 | Desolate | barren, forsaken | dense, verdant |
| 19 | Demolish | destroy, wreck | restore |
| 20 | Dispute | debate, oppose | agree |
| 21 | Easy | simple, straightforward, uncomplicated | hard, difficult |
| 22 | Encourage | promote, support, urge | discourage |
| 23 | Enemy | opponent, foe | friend, ally |
| 24 | Enormous | vast, immense, colossal | tiny, microscopic |
| 25 | Eternal | everlasting, perpetual, always | temporary, passing |
| 26 | Famous | well-known, renowned | unknown |
| 27 | Fair | honest, just, impartial | unfair, unjust |
| 28 | Flaw | defect, fault, blemish | perfection |
| 29 | Good-looking | attractive, beautiful, handsome, lovely, pretty | unattractive, ugly |
| 30 | Glad | happy, pleased, delighted | sad, unhappy |
| 31 | Gloomy | dark, dismal, depressing | bright, cheery |
| 32 | Generous | giving, selfless, big-hearted | selfish, stingy |
| 33 | Hard | difficult, tough, tricky, awkward | easy, simple |
| 34 | Hospitable | welcoming, cordial, gracious | rude, unfriendly |
| 35 | Humiliate | embarrass, disgrace, dishonour | honor, dignify |
| 36 | Increase | expand, enlarge, extend | decrease, drop |
| 37 | Idle | inactive, lazy | busy, active |
| 38 | Imperative | compulsory, necessary, mandatory | unnecessary, optional |
| 39 | Irrelevant | inappropriate, unrelated | relevant, applicable |
| 40 | Job | assignment, task, chore, duty | — |
| 41 | Knowledge | information, wisdom | ignorance |
| 42 | Legal | lawful, valid, legitimate, licensed | illegal |
| 43 | Least | fewest, minimum, smallest | most, maximum |
| 44 | Luxurious | extravagant, elegant | meager, scanty |
| 45 | Logical | sensible, rational, reasonable | illogical, unreasonable |
| 46 | Meal | snack, feast, picnic, barbecue | — |
| 47 | Mobile | moveable, changeable | immobile, stationary |
| 48 | Migrant | traveling, drifting, transient | stationary, immovable |
| 49 | Necessary | essential, vital, required | unnecessary |
| 50 | Numerous | several, abundant, considerable | few, scanty |
| 51 | Occasional | periodic, intermittent, odd | frequent, regular |
| 52 | Optimistic | hopeful, confident | pessimistic |
| 53 | Opaque | obscure, unclear, murky | transparent, clear |
| 54 | Protect | defend, guard, shield, shelter | neglect |
| 55 | Precautious | dangerous, uncertain, shaky | sure, safe |
| 56 | Preserve | uphold, guard, save | destroy, neglect |
| 57 | Precious | valuable, cherished, prized | cheap, worthless |
| 58 | Quiet | silent, noiseless, peaceful | noisy, loud |
| 59 | Raise | lift, hoist, elevate, pick up | lower, drop |
| 60 | Repulsive | hideous, offensive, gruesome | pleasing, alluring |
| 61 | Rude | impolite, discourteous | polite, mannerly |
| 62 | Small | tiny, minute, miniature, microscopic | big, huge |
| 63 | Strict | severe, stern, stringent | lenient |
| 64 | Sick | ill, ailing | well, healthy |
| 65 | Teach | educate, train, coach, instruct, tutor | learn |
| 66 | Unattractive | ugly, unsightly, hideous, plain | attractive, pretty |
| 67 | Very | extremely, exceptionally, remarkably | — |
| 68 | Victory | triumph, win, success | defeat |
| 69 | Worry | anxiety, problem, burden, responsibility | calmness |
| 70 | Wealth | riches, prosperity, assets | poverty |
| 71 | Worn | used, impaired, old | new, fresh |
| 72 | Yield | produce, bear, provide | keep, retain |
| 73 | Zenith | peak, pinnacle, apex | bottom, base |
Prepositions—Short Notes
1. What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that connects a noun, pronoun, or phrase with another word in a sentence.
It usually shows:
- Place—where something is
- Time—when something happens
- Direction—where something goes
- Method/way—how something happens
پریپوزیشن (حرفِ جار) وہ لفظ ہے جو جملے میں اسم، ضمیر، یا فقرے کو دوسرے الفاظ کے ساتھ ملاتا ہے۔ یہ عام طور پر جگہ، وقت، سمت یا طریقہ ظاہر کرتا ہے۔
Example:
- The book is on the table.
- He came at noon.
- She went to school.
The noun or pronoun after a preposition is called its object.
2. Simple Prepositions
Common simple prepositions are
at, by, for, from, in, of, off, on, out, through, till, to, up, with
وہ عام اور سادہ حروفِ جار ہیں جو جملے میں مختلف تعلقات ظاہر کرتے ہیں۔
Examples:
- He is at home. وہ گھر پر ہے۔
- She came from Lahore. وہ لاہور سے آئی۔
- The book is on the table.
- I went with my friend.
3. Compound Prepositions
Compound prepositions are generally formed from other words and prepositions.
ایسے حروفِ جار ہیں جو مختلف الفاظ سے مل کر بنتے ہیں۔ یہ عموماً جگہ، سمت یا تعلق ظاہر کرتے ہیں۔
Examples:
about, above, across, along, amidst, among, around, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, inside, outside, underneath, within, without
Examples:
- He stood behind the door. وہ دروازے کے پیچھے کھڑا تھا۔
- The school is beside the road.
- She sat between her friends.
- He stayed inside the room.
4. Prepositions of Time
این , آون ، اور ایٹ وقت ظاہر کرنے کے لیے عام استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
IN
Use in with:
- Months → in September
- Years → in 2007
- Parts of the day → in the morning
- Periods of time → in a few days
Example:
She came here in 2020.
ON
Use on with:
- Days → on Monday
- Specific dates/days → on 14 August
- Birthdays → on my birthday
Example:
The test is on Monday.
AT
Use at with:
- Exact time → at 3:00
- Noon → at noon
- Night → at night
- Dawn → at dawn
- Lunch time → at lunch
Example:
We will meet at 5 o’clock.
⭐ Easy Rule
IN → Month / Year / Part of day
ON → Day / Date
AT → Exact time
5. Prepositions of Place
کسی شخص یا چیز کی جگہ یا مقام ظاہر کرتے ہیں
IN
اس وقت استعمال ہوتا ہے جب کوئی چیز یا شخص کسی جگہ کے اندر ہو۔
Use in when something is inside or surrounded by something.
- in the room
- in the house
- in the box
- in Pakistan
Example:
He is in the classroom.
AT
کسی مخصوص جگہ یا مقام کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
Use at for a specific place or point.
- at home
- at school
- at the shop
- at the corner
Example:
I am at home.
ON
اس وقت استعمال ہوتا ہے جب کوئی چیز کسی سطح کے اوپر ہو۔
Use on when something is on a surface.
- on the table
- on the wall
- on the page
- on the floor
Example:
The book is on the table.
⭐ Easy Rule
IN → Inside
AT → Specific point/place
ON → Surface
6. Common Expressions with Prepositions
انگریزی میں بہت سے الفاظ مخصوص حروفِ جار کے ساتھ استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ ان کا کوئی آسان عمومی اصول نہیں ہوتا، اس لیے ان الفاظ کو یاد کرنا اور مشق کرنا بہتر ہے۔
These combinations should be memorized because they are commonly used together.
| Expression | Use |
|---|---|
| ability in | skill in something |
| access to | way to reach/use something |
| accustomed to | used to |
| afraid of | having fear |
| angry with/at | feeling anger |
| authority on | expert knowledge |
| aware of | knowing about |
| based on | founded on |
| capable of | able to do |
| certain of | sure about |
| confidence in | belief in |
| dependent on | relying on |
| different from | not the same |
| faith in | belief in |
| famous for | well-known for |
| familiar with | knowing well |
| happy with | pleased with |
| in charge of | responsible for |
| interested in | wanting to know about |
| involved in/with | connected with |
| knowledge of | information about |
| married to | having a husband/wife |
| opposed to | against |
| patient with | able to wait calmly |
| proud of | pleased about |
| related to | connected with |
| suspicious of | thinking something may be wrong |
| tired of | bored or annoyed with |
| time for | suitable time for |
7. Prepositions in Verb Phrases
Some verbs combine with prepositions to form verb phrases. These phrases have special meanings.
Common Verb Phrases
| Verb Phrase | آسان اردو معنی |
|---|---|
| ask out | ملاقات کے لیے بلانا |
| break down | خراب ہو جانا |
| bring about | سبب بننا |
| call back | دوبارہ فون کرنا |
| drop off | چھوڑ دینا |
| figure out | سمجھنا / حل نکالنا |
| fill out | فارم مکمل کرنا |
| fill up | بھر دینا |
| find out | معلوم کرنا |
| get along with | اچھے تعلقات رکھنا |
| get back | واپس آنا |
| get off | اترنا |
| get over | صحت یاب ہونا / قابو پانا |
| hand in | جمع کروانا |
| keep up with | ساتھ برقرار رکھنا |
| leave out | چھوڑ دینا |
| look after | دیکھ بھال کرنا |
| look around | اردگرد دیکھنا |
| look into | تحقیق کرنا |
| look out for | خبردار رہنا |
| look over | سرسری جائزہ لینا |
| make up | صلح کرنا / بنانا |
| run across | اتفاقاً مل جانا |
| speak to | بات کرنا |
| speak with | بات کرنا |
| throw away | پھینک دینا |
| throw out | باہر پھینک دینا |
⭐ Important Point
Some verb phrases cannot be separated.
For example:
- Look at the sky. ✅
- Look the sky at. ❌
But some can be separated:
- Throw away the trash. ✅
- Throw the trash away. ✅
Quick Revision
Preposition = a connecting word
Time:
IN → month/year
ON → day/date
AT → exact time
Place:
IN → inside
ON → surface
AT → specific place
Remember: Many prepositions and verb phrases are learned by practice and memorization.
Read Also: General Knowledge Short Notes (Part 1)