The Advocate’s Duty to the Court under Rules 159 to 167 is highlighted of Professional Ethics of Pakistan. This chapter provides guidance to lawyers on how to show respect, honesty and professionalism while appearing in court. These rules have been made to maintain the respect of the court and to ensure the strength of the justice system, so that lawyers perform their role with full honesty.
This chapter emphasizes that the lawyer’s main purpose is to deliver justice, not just to win the case. Lawyers should protect their client’s interest while presenting arguments, but at the same time fully respect the rules and regulations of the court.
Advocate’s Duty to Court Rules 159-167 – Urdu Summarized Table
The table below provides an extensive overview of the rules (159–167). This table highlighting the key points for each rule regarding the Advocate’s Duty to the court:
| Rule No. | Key Points |
|---|---|
| 159 | وکیل کو عدالت کے سامنے عزت و احترام برقرار رکھنا چاہیے۔ وکیل کا فرض ہے کہ وہ ججز کو غیر ضروری تنقید سے بچائیں۔ اگر جج کے خلاف شکایت کی وجہ ہو، تو وکیل اسے قانونی طریقے سے پیش کر سکتا ہے۔ |
| 160 | وکیل گواہوں کو عدالتی سمن سے بچنے یا شہادت سے بچنے کا مشورہ نہیں دے سکتا۔ وکیل کو گواہوں کی دستیابی کے لیے ان کے تعاون کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ |
| 161 | وکیل کو جج یا عدالت کو غلط گواہی، دستاویز یا کسی کتاب کا غلط حوالہ نہیں دینا چاہیے۔ کسی منسوخ شدہ قانون یا غیر آئینی فیصلے کا حوالہ جان بوجھ کر دینا ممنوع ہے۔ |
| 162 | وکیل کو جج کے ساتھ غیر ضروری ذاتی تعلقات یا مہمان نوازی سے گریز کرنا چاہیے۔ وکیل کا فرض ہے کہ وہ جج سے خصوصی رعایت حاصل کرنے کی کوشش نہ کرے۔ وکیل کو جج کے ساتھ اپنے تعلقات میں وقار اور خودمختاری برقرار رکھنی چاہیے۔ |
| 163 | عوامی استغاثہ میں وکیل کا مقصد صرف سزا دلوانا نہیں بلکہ انصاف کو یقینی بنانا ہے۔ وکیل کے لیے یہ قابل مذمت ہے کہ وہ ایسے شواہد یا گواہوں کو چھپائے جو ملزم کی بے گناہی کو ثابت کر سکتے ہوں۔ |
| 164 | وکیل کو زیرِ التواء مقدمات کے بارے میں عوامی بیانات دینے سے پرہیز کرنا چاہیے۔ اگر کسی خاص صورت حال میں بیان ضروری ہو تو یہ غیر جانب دار ہونا چاہیے۔ |
| 165 | وکلاء کا فرض ہے کہ وہ ججوں کی تعیناتی میں سیاسی دباؤ کو روکیں۔ وکلاء کو نااہل افراد کی تقرری کے خلاف احتجاج کرنا چاہیے۔ |
| 166 | جب معاملہ سماعت کے لیے بلایا جائےتووکیل کو عدالت میں اپنی حاضری یقینی بنانی چاہیے اگر ذاتی طور پر پیش ہونا ممکن نہ ہو تو مناسب متبادل انتظامات کرنے چاہئیں۔ |
| 167 | وکیل کو عمومی طور پر غیر متعلقہ مقدمات میں رائے دینے یا دلائل دینے سے گریز کرنا چاہیے۔ اگر جج اس سے رائے مانگیں تو وکیل کو ذمہ داری اور غیر جانبداری کے ساتھ رائے دینی چاہیے۔ |
This table summarizes the essential points of each rule, emphasizing advocates’ professional responsibilities and ethical standards towards the court.
Short Points on Advocate’s Duty to Court
Rule 159
- It is the duty of an advocate to maintain a respectful attitude towards the Court:
➥ Not for the sake of the temporary incumbent of the judicial office
➥ But for the maintenance of its supreme importance - Judges are entitled to receive support from the Bar:
➥ Against unjust criticism and clamor - Whenever there is proper ground for complaint against a judicial officer:
➥ It is the right and duty of an advocate to ventilate such grievances
➥ Seek redress legally
➥ Protect the complainant and person affected
Rule 160
- An advocate shall not advise a person:
➥ Whose testimony could establish or tend to establish a material fact
➥ To avoid service of process
➥ To conceal himself
➥ Or to make his testimony unavailable
Rule 161
- An advocate shall not intentionally misquote:
➥ The testimony of a witness
➥ The argument of the opposing advocate
➥ The contents of a document - An advocate shall not intentionally misquote to a judge or judicial officer:
➥ The language of a book
➥ A statute
➥ A decision - An advocate shall not:
➥ Cite as authority a decision that has been over-ruled
➥ Cite a statute that has been repealed or declared unconstitutional
➥ Without disclosing knowledge of its invalidity
Rule 162
- Marked attention and unusual hospitality by an advocate to a judge or judicial officer should be avoided:
➥ When not called for by the personal relations of the parties - An advocate should not:
➥ Communicate or argue privately with the judge regarding the merits of a pending cause
➥ Seek special consideration or favor from a judge - A self-respecting independence in discharging professional duty is essential:
➥ Without denying or diminishing courtesy and respect due to the judge’s station - This independence is the proper foundation for cordial relations between the Bench and the Bar.
Rule 163
- The primary duty of an advocate engaged in public prosecution is:
➥ Not to convict
➥ But to see that justice is done - The suppression of facts or the concealing of witnesses:
➥ Capable of establishing the innocence of the accused is highly reprehensible
Rule 164
- Publications by an advocate in newspapers regarding pending or anticipated litigation:
➥ May interfere with a fair trial
➥ Can prejudice the due administration of justice - Such publications are generally condemned.
- If extreme circumstances justify a statement:
➥ It should not be made anonymously - An ex-parte reference to the facts should not exceed:
➥ Quotation from records and papers on file in the Court - In extreme cases, it is better to avoid any ex-parte statement.
Rule 165
- Advocates should prevent political considerations from:
➥ Outweighing judicial fitness in the appointment of judges. - Advocates should:
➥ Protest against the appointment of unsuitable persons for the Bench.
➥ Strive to elevate individuals willing to:
➣ Forego other employments that may embarrass their impartiality. - Aspirations for judicial positions should be based on:
➥ An impartial estimate of ability to add honour to the office.
➥ Not a desire for personal distinction from the position.
Rule 166
- It is the duty of advocates to appear in Court:
➥ When a matter is called - If possible, advocates should:
➥ Make satisfactory alternative arrangements
Rule 167
- An advocate should generally refrain from:
➥ Volunteering legal opinions in cases where he is not engaged. - An advocate may address arguments only if:
➥ Called upon to do so in open Court by a judge or judicial officer. - In advancing any opinion, the advocate must:
➥ Act with a sense of responsibility and impartiality.
➥ Avoid regard for the interests of any party.
Advocate’s Duty to the Court: Practice MCQs Test
Read Also: Advocate’s Conduct with Clients
